On Oct 9, 2022, the students of Earth to Sky Calculus launched it to the stratosphere onboard a cosmic ray research balloon: "ALWAYS AND FOREVER" PREMIUM SPACE PENDANT: Are you looking for an unforgettable gift? Consider the Always and Forever Space Pendent. Now that's DXing.Ī sharable version of this story may be found here. They all used regular above-ground antennas.Ģ.4 billion light years away. Meanwhile, other observers in the UK and Germany have also reported ionospheric disturbances resulting from the burst. "When you look at the thousands of bursts gamma-ray telescopes have been detecting since the 1990s, this one really stands apart." "In our research group, we've been referring to this burst as the 'BOAT', or Brightest Of All Time," says Jillian Rastinejad, an astronomer at Northwestern University who has been monitoring the burst's afterglow using the Gemini South Telescope in Chile. This is actually the closest GRB ever recorded, thus accounting for its extreme intensity.Ībove: The afterglow of GRB 221009A about an hour after it was first detected. It came from a dusty galaxy 2.4 billion light years away, almost certainly triggered by a supernova explosion giving birth to a black hole. Like, stupidly really bright." Evans works with data from NASA's Swift gamma-ray observatory, and the overflowing signal had apparently broken some of his plotting software.ĭata from NASA spacecraft have since pinpointed the burst. Consider this tweet from Phil Evans of the University of Leicester: "It's bright. This appears to be the first time anyone has recorded the effect using an Earth Probe Antenna. Researchers have known since 1983 that gamma-ray bursts can ionize Earth's atmosphere and, thus, disturb the great waveguide. GRB effects were observed for all except NML, which was outside the radiation footprint. "During the gamma-ray burst I detected flickering from multiple stations," says Klekociuk, who made this map showing transmission paths illuminated by the GRB:Ībove: NWC, VTX3, Mokpo and NML are VLF transmitters Klekociuk monitors using his Earth Probe Antenna. Earth's crust forms one of the waveguide's walls, allowing Earth Probe Antennas to detect distant transmitters. In recent years amateur radio operators have been experimenting with this weird kind of antenna to detect VLF radio signals circling our planet in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide. They are connected to a receiver via buried wires. In his back garden there are two metal spikes stuck into the ground 75 meters apart. Klekociuk's unusual "ham rig" uses Earth itself as a giant antenna. This is the first time I have detected a gamma-ray burst." I started doing VLF radio measurements in the 1970's when I was in high school. "I am a climate scientist at the Australian Antarctic Division-that's my day job," says Klekociuk. The waveforms are a nearly perfect match. The orange curve shows the gamma-ray burst recorded by the STIX telescope on Europe's Solar Orbiter spacecraft, one of many spacecraft that detected the event. The blue curve is a signal from Klekociuk's antenna, which was sensing VLF (very low frequency) currents in the soil at the time of the blast. Note: STIX data have been flipped (increasing counts go down) to ease comparison of the two waveforms. Andrew Klekociuk in Tasmania recorded the effect using an Earth Probe Antenna: How strong was it? It caused electrical currents to flow through the surface of our planet. 9, 2022, Earth-orbiting satellites detected the strongest gamma-ray burst (GRB) in modern history: GRB221009A. POWERFUL GAMMA-RAY BURST MADE CURRENTS FLOW IN THE EARTH: Astronomers have never seen anything like it. NOAA forecasters say the chance of an X-flare today is no more than 1%. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining-a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.ĪLL QUIET: The face of the sun is almost blank despite 4 numbered sunspot groups they are all relatively small and quiet. Credit: SDO/HMIĬosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is beginning, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. All of these sunspots have simple magnetic fields that pose little threat for strong flares.
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